What is the Difference Between Anaphase I and Anaphase II?

The main difference between Anaphase I and Anaphase II lies in the type of chromosomes they separate and the stage of meiosis they occur in. Here are the key differences:

1. Stage of Meiosis: Anaphase I takes place during meiosis I, while Anaphase II occurs during meiosis II.
2. Type of Chromosomes Separated: In Anaphase I, homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) are separated and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. In Anaphase II, sister chromatids of each chromosome separate and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
3. Diploid vs. Haploid: Anaphase I involves two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, taking place in diploid cells. Anaphase II consists of a single set of chromosomes, occurring in haploid cells.
4. Centromere Splitting: In Anaphase I, there is no splitting of the centromere, while in Anaphase II, the centromere of the chromosome splits into two.

Both Anaphase I and Anaphase II play crucial roles in generating genetic diversity. Anaphase I, coupled with genetic recombination during Prophase I, contributes to genetic diversity by ensuring the proper distribution of homologous chromosomes to different daughter cells. Anaphase II ensures the separation of sister chromatids, resulting in the formation of genetically diverse gametes. These distinct processes contribute to genetic diversity and the formation of haploid cells.

Comparative Table: Anaphase I vs Anaphase II

Here is a table comparing the differences between Anaphase I and Anaphase II:

In summary, Anaphase I separates homologous chromosomes and occurs during meiosis I, while Anaphase II separates sister chromatids and occurs during meiosis II.