What is the Difference Between Anaphylaxis and Angioedema?

Anaphylaxis and angioedema are both conditions that involve swelling and can be life-threatening, but they differ in their symptoms, causes, and manifestations.

Anaphylaxis:

• An acute, potentially life-threatening systemic reaction that may include respiratory distress, hypotension, urticaria, angioedema, and gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, diarrhea).
• Involves multiple organ systems, not just the skin and subcutaneous tissues.
• Can be triggered by various factors, such as allergens, infections, or physical stimuli like heat and cold.
• Symptoms may differ according to age group, with children younger than 6 years more likely to experience vomiting and cough, while older children are more likely to experience chest tightness, dizziness, hypotension, and cardiovascular collapse.

Angioedema:

• Localized deep tissue swelling, most commonly affecting the face and mouth.
• Limited to the skin and subcutaneous tissues.
• Can be caused by mast cell degranulation, resulting in increased inflammation and vascular permeability.
• Often occurs without the involvement of the respiratory system.

Although anaphylaxis and angioedema have similar pathogenic mechanisms, including vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, they differ in their clinical manifestations and potential severity. It is crucial to distinguish between these conditions to provide appropriate treatment and avoid unnecessary interventions.

Comparative Table: Anaphylaxis vs Angioedema

Anaphylaxis and angioedema are two associated medical conditions that can be triggered by allergic reactions. Here is a table summarizing the differences between the two:

Both conditions can be diagnosed through physical examination and skin and blood tests for specific allergens. They are primarily treated by giving epinephrine and antihistamines.