What is the Difference Between Aspermia and Azoospermia?

Aspermia and azoospermia are two medical conditions associated with male infertility, but they differ in the aspects of semen and sperm production.

Aspermia:

Refers to the complete absence of semen fluid upon ejaculation.
Also known as "dry ejaculate".
Classified as an ejaculatory disorder and can be broadly categorized into two types: anejaculation and retrograde ejaculation.
Anejaculation occurs when semen fails to go through the prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands.
Retrograde ejaculation occurs when semen is expelled backward into the bladder instead of being ejaculated.
Causes of aspermia include blockage of the ejaculatory ducts, retrograde ejaculation, prostate gland surgery, radiation therapy, medications, and hormonal imbalances.

Azoospermia:

Refers to the absence of any sperm in the semen.
Present in 1% of men in the general population and in 15% of men with infertility.
Can be caused by a variety of different diseases or conditions, such as hormonal imbalances, blockages in the male reproductive tract, or abnormal sperm production.
Potential causes of azoospermia may be divided into three categories: pre-testicular, testicular, and post-testicular.
In pre-testicular azoospermia, the testicles and genital tract are normal but not appropriately stimulated by the hormonal.
In testicular azoospermia, the testicles themselves are abnormal and unable to produce sperm.
In post-testicular azoospermia, sperm is produced by normal testicles but not ejaculated due to an obstruction of the genital.

Treatment options for both conditions can be similar, such as surgical blockage removal, medication, or sperm retrieval and assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) like in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).