What is the Difference Between Canthaxanthin and Astaxanthin?

Canthaxanthin and astaxanthin are both colored pigments found naturally in some animals, such as yeast and algae. They belong to the keto-carotenoid group and are known for their antioxidant properties. However, there are some differences between the two:

• Color: Canthaxanthin is a violet-colored pigment, while astaxanthin is a blood-red color pigment.
• Antioxidant Activity: Astaxanthin is considered a superior antioxidant and is sometimes referred to as "super vitamin E" due to its antioxidant activity surpassing that of other carotenoids, such as β-carotene. In a study comparing the anticancer activities of beta-carotene, canthaxanthin, and astaxanthin in mice, astaxanthin showed the highest inhibition of mammary tumor growth.
• Occurrence in Nature: Both pigments occur naturally, but canthaxanthin is found in a wider range of sources, including green algae, bacteria, crustaceans, and fish. Astaxanthin is primarily produced in freshwater microalgae species and yeast fungus species.

In summary, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin are both keto-carotenoids with antioxidant properties, but they differ in color and antioxidant activity, with astaxanthin being the more potent antioxidant. They are found in different natural sources, with canthaxanthin being more widespread.

Comparative Table: Canthaxanthin vs Astaxanthin

Canthaxanthin and astaxanthin are both colored pigments found in some animals, such as yeast and algae, and are naturally produced in response to stressors like lack of nutrients, increased salinity, or excessive sunshine. They are both lipid-soluble compounds and occur naturally in the environment. However, there are some differences between the two:

Canthaxanthin is a violet-colored pigment and is produced by yeast fungus species and freshwater microalgae. It exhibits higher antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties than other carotenes and xanthophylls. On the other hand, astaxanthin is a blood-red color pigment and is produced in freshwater microalgae. The global market for canthaxanthin is estimated to be around US$110 million, with a prediction of expanding in the coming years.