What is the Difference Between Carbide and High Speed Steel?

Carbide and high-speed steel (HSS) are both popular materials for producing tool tips due to their hardness and durability. However, they have different characteristics, uses, and benefits. Here are the main differences between carbide and HSS:

1. Cutting Speed and Rigidity: Carbide tools have a higher cutting speed range and improved rigidity compared to HSS tools. Carbide is typically used for most cutting applications, including boring, face milling, and machining on cast iron, plastics, and other nonferrous materials.
2. Heat Resistance: HSS is known for its ability to withstand high temperatures while maintaining its hardness. This makes HSS suitable for use with multi-toothed form cutters and re-sharpening after extended use.
3. Weight: Carbide tools are significantly heavier than HSS tools, even for the same size of the tool.
4. Appearance: Carbide tends to display a darker grey hue, while HSS has a brighter silver color. Carbide has a glossier, reflective shine, while HSS usually has a more muted, matte finish.
5. Brittleness: Carbide is more brittle than HSS, so it is typically used in machines with more rigidity. HSS is more forgiving and less brittle, making it suitable for manual work and certain materials like aluminum.
6. Cost: Carbide tools are generally more expensive than HSS tools, but they can offset this cost with longer tool life and quicker machining.
7. Tool Life and Re-sharpening: HSS tools can perform well for a considerable length of time and are easier and safer to re-grind or modify. Carbide tools, on the other hand, may require specialized equipment for re-sharpening.

In summary, carbide tools are harder and more wear-resistant, with higher cutting speeds and improved rigidity, while HSS tools are more flexible and suitable for a wider range of materials. The choice between carbide and HSS depends on factors such as cutting speed, material type, and tool life.

Comparative Table: Carbide vs High Speed Steel

Here is a table comparing the differences between carbide and high-speed steel:

Carbide is known for its extreme hardness and abrasion resistance, which results in a longer tool life compared to high-speed steel. However, carbide is more brittle and can fracture or chip more easily. High-speed steel, on the other hand, is less hard and less brittle than carbide, but it is still durable and can withstand high temperatures. High-speed steel is also more affordable than carbide.