What is the Difference Between Diffusion and Active Transport?

The main difference between diffusion and active transport lies in the direction of molecule movement and the energy requirements involved. Here are the key differences between the two processes:

1. Nature: Diffusion is a passive process, while active transport is an active process that requires energy in the form of ATP.
2. Movement: Diffusion involves the net movement of molecules down the concentration gradient (from high to low concentration), whereas active transport moves molecules against the concentration gradient (from low to high concentration).
3. Speed: Active transport is a faster process compared to diffusion, which is relatively slower.
4. Direction: Active transport takes place in only one direction, while diffusion can take place in both directions.
5. Accumulation: Active transport leads to the accumulation of materials in the cell, while diffusion does not result in the accumulation of any material in the cell.
6. Carrier Proteins: Active transport requires carrier proteins, while diffusion does not rely on carrier proteins for molecule movement.
7. Permeability: Active transport allows selective uptake of materials, while diffusion enables all materials to pass through the membrane.

In summary, diffusion is a passive process that moves molecules down their concentration gradient without requiring energy, while active transport is an energy-dependent process that moves molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring carrier proteins and resulting in the accumulation of materials in the cell.

Comparative Table: Diffusion vs Active Transport

Here is a table comparing the differences between diffusion and active transport:

Both diffusion and active transport are essential for maintaining homeostasis within cells and ensuring the proper concentration of molecules is achieved.