What is the Difference Between Down Syndrome and Turner Syndrome?
🆚 Go to Comparative Table 🆚Down syndrome and Turner syndrome are both chromosomal abnormalities, but they differ in terms of their causes, characteristics, diagnosis, and prognosis. Here are the main differences between the two:
- Cause: Down syndrome is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21, which means that there is an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. Turner syndrome, on the other hand, is caused by a missing or altered X chromosome.
- Chromosomal Abnormality: In Down syndrome, there is an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21, while in Turner syndrome, there is a missing or altered X chromosome.
- Prevalence: Down syndrome affects approximately 1 in 700 babies, and both sexes can be affected. Turner syndrome is less common, affecting only females, and is often not diagnosed until adolescence.
- Physical Features: Down syndrome is associated with unique facial features, slower overall development, higher incidence of congenital heart abnormalities, decreased or absent fertility, and overall lower life expectancy. Turner syndrome is characterized by a webbed neck, low-set ears, short stature, lack of puberty without hormonal treatment, and heart defects.
- Mental Disability: Down syndrome is associated with mild to moderate mental disability, while Turner syndrome is associated with infertility.
In summary, Down syndrome is caused by an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21, while Turner syndrome is caused by a missing or altered X chromosome. Both syndromes have distinct physical features and are associated with different health issues.
Comparative Table: Down Syndrome vs Turner Syndrome
Down syndrome and Turner syndrome are both genetic disorders caused by chromosomal abnormalities. Here is a table summarizing the differences between the two:
| Characteristic | Down Syndrome | Turner Syndrome |
|---|---|---|
| Chromosomal Abnormality | Extra full or partial chromosome 21 | Partial or complete missing of the X chromosome |
| Affected Individuals | Both males and females | Only females |
| Prevalence | 1 in 700 babies worldwide | 1 in 2500 females |
| Diagnosis | At birth | During adolescence |
| Physical Features | Distinct physical features, including wide, flat face, small head, and short neck | Short stature, webbed neck, and heart defects |
| Mental Ability | Mild to moderate intellectual disability associated | No intellectual disability, but may have learning difficulties |
| Fertility | Both males and females can be affected, but fertility can be decreased in males | Infertile without medical assistance |
| Life Expectancy | 50-60 years with specialized care in industrialized countries | Normal life expectancy, but may develop health issues such as diabetes and heart problems |
In summary, Down syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome 21 and is associated with intellectual disability, while Turner syndrome is caused by a missing or partially missing X chromosome and is associated with infertility and certain physical features.
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