What is the Difference Between Epileptic Seizures and Dissociative Convulsions?
🆚 Go to Comparative Table 🆚Epileptic seizures and dissociative convulsions, also known as non-epileptic seizures (NES) or psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), share similarities but have distinct differences. Both involve episodes of uncontrolled movements, sensations, or behavior, but they have different causes and responses to treatment.
Epileptic Seizures:
- Caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain
- Partial seizures may have shorter duration and ictal EEG discharges may not be present, which can confound the diagnosis
- Respond to anticonvulsant medication
Dissociative Convulsions:
- Not caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain
- Believed to be a physical reaction to distressing triggers such as sensations, thoughts, emotions, and difficult situations
- Sometimes referred to as "psychogenic seizures" or "functional seizures"
- Respond to psychotherapy to address underlying mental health issues rather than anticonvulsant medication
The similarity between the two types of seizures makes correct diagnosis challenging and crucial for appropriate treatment. Doctors may use electroencephalogram (EEG) tests or video-telemetry to help distinguish between epileptic and dissociative seizures. People experiencing either type of seizure should consult a neurologist for proper evaluation and diagnosis.
Comparative Table: Epileptic Seizures vs Dissociative Convulsions
Epileptic seizures and dissociative convulsions share similar outward appearances, but they have distinct differences in their causes and characteristics. Here is a table comparing the two types of seizures:
Feature | Epileptic Seizures | Dissociative Convulsions (Non-Epileptic Seizures) |
---|---|---|
Cause | Abnormal electrical activity in the brain | Psychological or emotional factors, often triggered by stress or trauma |
Electrical Activity | Abnormal electrical activity in the brain | No abnormal electrical activity in the brain |
Consciousness | May lose consciousness or experience confusion after the seizure | Retained consciousness during the seizure; may interact with observers |
Eye Flutter | Open or wide-open eyes during the seizure | Eye flutter, changes in intensity of the seizure induced by bystanders |
Onset | Abrupt start to the seizure | Seizures start and end gradually, may be discontinuous |
Recovery | Sleep or confusion after the seizure | Seizures may cease upon being touched or spoken to by a bystander |
Diagnostic Test | Electroencephalography (EEG) may show abnormal electrical activity | EEG may show no abnormal electrical activity |
It is essential to consult a specialist to determine the type of seizure and receive appropriate treatment.
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