What is the Difference Between Gemination and Fusion?

Gemination and fusion are two different dental phenomena that involve the development and structure of teeth. Here are the main differences between the two:

1. Gemination: This occurs when a single tooth bud attempts to divide, resulting in one tooth with two crowns and usually a single root. It is also referred to as a double tooth and is considered multifactorial in etiology, with genetic and environmental causes. Gemination is more common in primary teeth and is often mistaken for fusion.
2. Fusion: This is defined as the union between the enamel or both dentin and enamel of two or more separate developing tooth buds. Fusion results in a single, large tooth with a combined crown and root structure. It is sometimes confused with gemination, especially when it includes a supernumerary tooth.

In some cases, gemination and fusion can be difficult to differentiate, especially when a supernumerary tooth is involved. Diagnosis and proper management of these developmental anomalies are important for maintaining oral health and preventing complications in both primary and permanent dentition.

Comparative Table: Gemination vs Fusion

Here is a table comparing the differences between gemination and fusion:

In summary, gemination occurs when two teeth are formed from a single tooth root, while fusion occurs when two separate developing teeth join together to create one tooth. The main diagnostic challenge for practitioners is differentiating between these two dental anomalies.