What is the Difference Between Gold and Pyrite?

The main differences between gold and pyrite, also known as "fool's gold," can be found in their physical properties and chemical composition. Here are the key differences:

1. Hardness: Gold is a softer metal with a Mohs hardness of 2.5, while pyrite has a Mohs hardness of 6 to 6.5. This means that gold can be scratched by a sharp piece of copper, but pyrite can easily scratch copper.
2. Density: Gold has a density of 19.3 grams per cubic centimeter, while pyrite has a lower density.
3. Color: Gold has a golden to yellow color, while pyrite has a brassy color.
4. Streak: Gold has a yellow streak, while pyrite has a greenish-black streak.
5. Ductility: Gold is very ductile, meaning it can be easily shaped and deformed. Pyrite is not as ductile as gold.
6. Shape: Pyrite is usually found as angular pieces, often exhibiting the faces of a cube, octahedron, or pyritohedron. Gold particles found in streams typically have slightly rounded edges.
7. Striations: Pyrite may have striations on its surfaces, while gold does not.
8. Chemical Composition: Gold is a pure element, while pyrite is a compound made up of two elements: iron and sulfur.

With practice and a keen eye, you can distinguish between gold and pyrite using these differences in their physical properties and chemical composition.

Comparative Table: Gold vs Pyrite

Here is a table comparing the differences between gold and pyrite:

Gold is a chemical element and a valuable metal, while pyrite is a naturally occurring mineral composed of iron and sulfur. Gold has a distinct golden yellow color, while pyrite has a pale to brassy yellow color that sometimes tarnishes. Gold is denser, softer, and more ductile than pyrite. When comparing the luster of the two, gold retains a solid color in direct light better than pyrite, which has an exaggerated shininess like polished brass.