What is the Difference Between Heat Capacity and Specific Heat?

The main difference between heat capacity and specific heat lies in the mass of the substance being considered. Here are the key differences:

  • Heat Capacity: This is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of an object by 1°C (or 1 K). It depends on both the mass and the chemical composition of the object. The units for heat capacity are joules per Kelvin (J/K).
  • Specific Heat: This is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C (or 1 K). It is an intensive property, meaning it is independent of the amount of substance present. The units for specific heat are joules per gram per degree Celsius (J/g°C).

In summary:

  • Heat capacity is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of an object by a certain amount, depending on its mass and chemical composition.
  • Specific heat is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by a certain amount, independent of the amount of substance present.

Comparative Table: Heat Capacity vs Specific Heat

Heat capacity and specific heat capacity are related but distinct concepts. Here is a table highlighting the differences between them:

Property Heat Capacity Specific Heat Capacity
Definition Heat capacity is the amount of heat required to change the temperature of a given amount of matter. Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to change the temperature of a unit mass of a substance.
Unit Mass Heat capacity is not gated by unit mass. Specific heat capacity is calculated per unit mass of a substance.
Units The SI unit of heat capacity is Joules per Kelvin (J/K). The SI unit of specific heat capacity is Joules per Kelvin per Kilogram (J/K/kg).
Formula The formula for heat capacity is Q = m × c × ΔT, where Q is the amount of heat, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature. The formula for specific heat capacity is Q = m × c × ΔT, where Q is the amount of heat, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

In summary, heat capacity is the amount of heat required to change the temperature of a given amount of matter, while specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to change the temperature of a unit mass of a substance. Specific heat capacity can be obtained by dividing heat capacity by the mass of the sample.