What is the Difference Between Intermolecular and Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding?
🆚 Go to Comparative Table 🆚The main difference between intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding lies in the location where the hydrogen bonds occur.
- Intermolecular hydrogen bonding occurs between separate molecules in a substance. These bonds can form between like or unlike molecules, as long as there are hydrogen donors and acceptors present within close proximity to each other.
- Intramolecular hydrogen bonding occurs within a single molecule. This happens when two functional groups within a molecule can form hydrogen bonds with each other, as long as both a hydrogen donor and a hydrogen acceptor are present within the molecule and are within close proximity of each other.
Both intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding involve a hydrogen atom that is covalently bonded to a strongly electronegative atom, such as N, O, or F. The electronegative atom can attract the bonding electron pair towards itself, creating a dipole. These dipoles can then interact with other polar molecules, leading to hydrogen bonding.
Comparative Table: Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding
Here is a table comparing intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding:
Feature | Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding | Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding |
---|---|---|
Definition | Occurs between two separate molecules. | Occurs within a single molecule. |
Bond Formation | Requires electron donor and electron acceptor in two separate molecules. | Requires electron donor and electron acceptor in the same molecule. |
Physical Properties | Affects properties such as boiling points and melting points. | Can affect stability and reactivity of a molecule. |
Intermolecular hydrogen bonding occurs between two neighboring molecules, while intramolecular hydrogen bonding occurs within the same molecule. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding can affect the stability and reactivity of a molecule, whereas intermolecular hydrogen bonding can influence physical properties such as boiling points and melting points.
- Intermolecular Forces vs Intra-molecular Forces
- Dipole Dipole Interactions vs Hydrogen Bonding
- Hydrogen Bond vs Ionic Bond
- Hydrogen Bond vs Covalent Bond
- Van der Waals vs Hydrogen Bonds
- Molecular vs Metallic Hydrogen
- Van der Waals vs Hydrophobic Interactions
- Bond Dipole vs Molecular Dipole
- Ionic vs Covalent Bonds
- Salt Bridge vs Hydrogen Bond
- Ionic Bonding vs Metallic Bonding
- Bonding vs Antibonding Molecular Orbitals
- Polar Bonds vs Polar Molecules
- Covalent vs Noncovalent Bonds
- Electrovalent vs Covalent Bond
- Ionic Covalent vs Metallic Hydrides
- Hydrogen Atom vs Hydrogen Ion
- Bond Energy vs Bond Enthalpy
- Antibonding vs Nonbonding