What is the Difference Between Lactose Intolerance and Milk Allergy?

Lactose intolerance and milk allergy are two distinct digestive issues that can present with similar symptoms, making them difficult to differentiate without proper diagnosis. Here are the key differences between the two:

• Cause: Lactose intolerance is a carbohydrate intolerance caused by the body's inability to digest lactose, the sugar present in milk and dairy products, due to a lack of the enzyme lactase. Milk allergy, on the other hand, is an immune-mediated reaction to proteins in cow's milk.
• Immune System Involvement: Lactose intolerance does not involve the immune system, as it is a digestive issue. Milk allergy involves the immune system and can cause a reaction in other parts of the body, including the skin and lungs.
• Symptoms: Lactose intolerance primarily causes digestive symptoms, such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea, which usually appear within 30 minutes to 2 hours after consuming milk or dairy products. Milk allergy can cause a wide range of symptoms, from mild (rashes, hives, itching, and swelling) to severe (trouble breathing, wheezing, and loss of consciousness).
• Prevalence: Lactose intolerance is more common and affects around 36% of the US population and 68% of the global population. Milk allergy is less common and is the most common food allergy in infants and young children, affecting about 2.5% of children under three years old.
• Treatment: For lactose intolerance, treatment involves managing symptoms by limiting lactose consumption or using lactase supplements to aid digestion. Milk allergy treatment involves strict avoidance of cow's milk proteins and may require seeking immediate medical attention in case of a severe allergic reaction.

It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and appropriate management of these conditions, as self-diagnosing and avoiding certain foods without proper guidance can lead to unnecessary dietary restrictions and potential nutrient deficiencies.

Comparative Table: Lactose Intolerance vs Milk Allergy

Here is a table outlining the differences between lactose intolerance and milk allergy:

In summary, lactose intolerance is a digestive issue caused by the body's inability to fully digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. Milk allergy, on the other hand, is an immune system reaction to specific proteins in milk, which can be life-threatening.