What is the Difference Between Limiter and Compressor?

Compressors and limiters are both used in audio processing to control the dynamic range of a signal, but they serve different purposes and have distinct characteristics. Here are the main differences between the two:

1. Purpose: A compressor is used for shaping the dynamic range of a signal by attenuating the loud parts and boosting the quiet parts, while a limiter is designed to catch peaks, prevent audio clipping, and preserve sonic integrity.
2. Ratio: The main difference between a compressor and a limiter lies in their ratio. Limiters work at much higher ratios than compressors, usually at a ratio of 10:1 or higher, while compressors have lower ratios.
3. Transparency: Limiters tend to be more transparent, as they are designed to prevent audio clipping and preserve the original sound. Compressors, on the other hand, can "color" the sound, meaning they can alter the tone or character of the audio signal.
4. Attack and Release Times: Limiters generally have faster attack and release times than compressors, allowing them to react quickly to changes in the audio signal.
5. Usage: Compressors are often used across various tracks in a mix for more creative dynamics processing, while limiters are typically employed to keep a mix or instrument fully controlled and prevent it from exceeding a certain volume level.
6. Settings: Both compressors and limiters use a threshold setting, which determines when the processor starts working. However, compressors also have additional settings like attack, release, and make-up gain, which are not typically found on limiters.

In summary, compressors are generally used for shaping the dynamic range of a signal and can be more flexible in their settings, while limiters are used to keep a mix or instrument fully controlled and prevent audio clipping. Knowing when to use each tool is crucial for achieving the desired sound in a mix.

Comparative Table: Limiter vs Compressor

Here is a table comparing the differences between a limiter and a compressor:

In summary, compressors are used to shape the dynamic range of a signal, while limiters are designed to prevent audio clipping and preserve sonic integrity. Limiters are a type of compressor with a very high ratio (∞:1) and are used for technical purposes, whereas compressors have lower ratios and are used for both artistic and technical purposes in audio production.