What is the Difference Between Lysosomes and Peroxisomes?

Lysosomes and peroxisomes are both membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells, but they have distinct functions and compositions:

Lysosomes:

1. Larger than peroxisomes, with a size of about 0.5-1.5 µm.
2. Contain over 50 different enzymes, including lipases, nucleases, and polysaccharidases.
3. The pH within lysosomes is about pH 5.
4. Involved in endocytosis, autophagy, and phagocytosis.
5. Found in animals.
6. Responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular waste and foreign material.

Peroxisomes:

1. Comparatively smaller than lysosomes, with a size of about 0.5-1.5 µm.
2. Enzymes in peroxisomes are oxidases that catalyze redox reactions.
3. Found in eukaryotes.
4. Involved in the biosynthesis of lipids and photorespiration.
5. Protect cells by isolating and breaking down harmful hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

In summary, lysosomes are responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular waste and foreign material through processes like autophagy and phagocytosis, while peroxisomes protect cells by breaking down harmful hydrogen peroxide into non-toxic molecules like water and oxygen.

Comparative Table: Lysosomes vs Peroxisomes

Lysosomes and peroxisomes are both enzyme-containing organelles found in eukaryotic cells, but they have distinct characteristics and functions. Here is a table highlighting the differences between them:

Lysosomes and peroxisomes share some similarities, such as being enclosed by a single membrane and containing enzymes. However, they differ in size, origin, type of enzymes, pH, and functions.