What is the Difference Between Myristoylation and Palmitoylation?
🆚 Go to Comparative Table 🆚Myristoylation and palmitoylation are both lipid modifications that occur in the cell, but they have distinct differences:
- Irreversibility: Myristoylation is an irreversible process, whereas palmitoylation is a reversible one.
- Function: Myristoylation is involved in weak protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions and plays a role in signal transduction pathways. In contrast, palmitoylation enhances the hydrophobicity of proteins and contributes to membrane attachment and protein clustering.
- Lipid Group: Myristoylation involves the covalent attachment of a myristoyl group, derived from myristic acid (a 14-carbon saturated fatty acid), to the alpha-amino group of an N-terminal glycine residue. Palmitoylation, on the other hand, involves the covalent bonding of fatty acids.
- Enzyme Catalysis: Myristoylation is catalyzed by N-myristoyltransferase (NMT), while palmitoylation is catalyzed by palmitoyl acyl transferases (PATs).
In summary, myristoylation and palmitoylation are both lipid modifications in the cell, but they differ in their reversibility, functions, lipid groups, and enzyme catalysis.
On this pageWhat is the Difference Between Myristoylation and Palmitoylation? Comparative Table: Myristoylation vs Palmitoylation
Comparative Table: Myristoylation vs Palmitoylation
Here is a table comparing myristoylation and palmitoylation:
Feature | Myristoylation | Palmitoylation |
---|---|---|
Modifying Group | Myristate | Palmitate |
Chemical Structure | 14-carbon saturated fatty acid | 16-carbon saturated fatty acid |
Modification Enzyme | N-myristoyl transferase | Dependent on each case |
Timing | Co-translational | Post-translational |
Linkage | Amide | Thio-ester |
Modified Proteins | Src family members, G protein coupled receptors, α subunits of G proteins, HLA, HIV Nef, caveolin, Calcineurin B, CD4, recoverin, influenza HA | G protein coupled receptors |
Myristoylation and palmitoylation are both types of lipid modifications, but they differ in several aspects. Myristoylation is an irreversible process, whereas palmitoylation is reversible. Myristoylation involves the covalent bonding of a myristoyl group to an N-terminal glycine residue, while palmitoylation involves the covalent bonding of a palmitate group to a cysteine residue.
Read more:
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- Acyl vs Acetyl
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- Acetyl CoA vs Acyl CoA
- Choline vs Phosphatidylcholine
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