What is the Difference Between Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination?
🆚 Go to Comparative Table 🆚Oxidative addition and reductive elimination are two types of reactions that involve a change in the oxidation state and coordination number of a metal center in a coordination complex. They are related processes, but they have opposite effects:
Oxidative Addition:
- Involves the addition of two anionic ligands to a metal center.
- Results in an increase in the oxidation state and coordination number of the metal.
- Facilitated by electron-rich metal centers having low oxidation states.
- Commonly observed for four- and five-coordinate complexes, as they have vacant coordination sites.
- Often occurs in catalytic cycles, in conjunction with its reverse reaction, reductive elimination.
Reductive Elimination:
- Involves the removal of two anionic ligands from a metal complex.
- Results in a decrease in the oxidation state and coordination number of the metal.
- Facilitated by electron-poor metal centers having high oxidation states.
- Intramolecular reaction, favored by low electron density of the metal.
- Ligands must be in a cis position in order to undergo reductive elimination.
These two reactions are crucial in various applications, such as catalytic cycles and product-releasing steps in several reactions that form C-H and C-C bonds.
On this pageWhat is the Difference Between Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination? Comparative Table: Oxidative Addition vs Reductive Elimination
Comparative Table: Oxidative Addition vs Reductive Elimination
Here is a table comparing oxidative addition and reductive elimination:
Property | Oxidative Addition | Reductive Elimination |
---|---|---|
Definition | Oxidative addition is a chemical reaction where two anionic ligands are attached to a metal center, increasing its oxidation state by two units. | Reductive elimination is the opposite reaction, where two anionic ligands leave the coordination complex, decreasing the oxidation state and coordination number of the metal. |
Type of Ligands | Involves the addition of two A-B type anionic ligands. | Involves the removal of two anionic ligands. |
Coordination Number | Increases by two units. | Decreases by two units. |
Oxidation State of the Metal | Increases by two units. | Decreases by two units. |
Mechanisms | There are three main oxidative addition mechanisms: concerted, non-polarized, and polarized. | Has only one mechanism, which is the counterpart of the concerted oxidative addition. |
Ligand Positioning | Ligands must be in a cis position in order to undergo reductive elimination. |
Oxidative addition and reductive elimination are reaction pairs that involve a change in the oxidation state and coordination number of the metal in a coordination complex.
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- Oxidation Potential vs Reduction Potential
- Free Radical Substitution vs Free Radical Addition
- Metathesis vs Redox Reactions
- Redox vs Nonredox Reactions
- Epoxidation vs Oxidation
- Oxidation vs Combustion
- Elimination vs Substitution Reaction
- Addition vs Substitution Reaction
- Oxygenation vs Oxidation
- Oxidation Number Method vs Half Reaction Method
- Reductive Amination vs Transamination
- Ion Electron Method vs Oxidation Number Method
- Coordination Number vs Oxidation Number