What is the Difference Between Polycythemia Vera and Essential Thrombocythemia?

Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) characterized by different hematologic abnormalities. The main differences between the two conditions are:

1. Hematologic Abnormalities: In PV, there is an expanded red cell mass associated with leukocytosis and/or thrombocytosis in at least half of the cases. In ET, the only hematologic abnormality is isolated thrombocytosis.
2. Diagnosis: Bone marrow morphology is the cornerstone of diagnosis for both PV and ET. The presence of the JAK2 mutation is expected in PV, while approximately 90% of patients with ET express CALR mutations.
3. Clinical Features: Both PV and ET have an increased rate of major cardiovascular events, thrombosis, progression to myelofibrosis, and transformation to acute leukemia. However, the specific clinical manifestations may vary depending on the disease. For example, patients with PV may experience symptoms related to increased red blood cell production, while patients with ET may experience symptoms related to excessive platelet production.

Despite these differences, both PV and ET are chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms with overlapping clinical features and risk stratification. The main goals of treatment for both conditions are to reduce the risk of thrombosis, manage symptoms, and prevent disease progression.

Comparative Table: Polycythemia Vera vs Essential Thrombocythemia

Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are two distinct types of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) that involve different blood cell populations and present varying clinical manifestations. Here is a table summarizing the differences between these two conditions:

Both PV and ET are caused by acquired genetic mutations and can lead to life-threatening complications if untreated. Diagnosis of these blood disorders can be made through physical examination, blood tests, bone marrow biopsies, and specific genetic mutations. Treatment for both conditions involves specific medications and close monitoring by healthcare professionals.