What is the Difference Between Sodium Carbonate and Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate?

Sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate are both alkaline salt compounds, but they have different chemical and physical properties. Here are the key differences between the two:

• Chemical Formula: Sodium carbonate has the chemical formula Na2CO3, while sodium hydrogen carbonate has the chemical formula NaHCO3.
• Hydrogen Atoms: Sodium hydrogen carbonate contains a hydrogen atom in its chemical structure, whereas sodium carbonate does not.
• Molar Mass: The molar mass of sodium carbonate is 105.98 g/mol, while sodium hydrogen carbonate's molar mass is 84.0066 g/mol.
• Melting Point and Boiling Point: Sodium carbonate has a melting point of 851°C and no boiling point since it undergoes thermal decomposition, while sodium hydrogen carbonate has a melting point of 50°C and a boiling point of 100°C.
• Hygroscopic Nature: Sodium carbonate is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs moisture from the air, while sodium hydrogen carbonate is not.
• Common Names: Sodium carbonate is also known as soda ash or washing soda, while sodium hydrogen carbonate is commonly called baking soda.

Both compounds are used in various industries and applications. Sodium carbonate is primarily used in textile industries, agriculture, soap manufacturing, and water treatment. Sodium hydrogen carbonate, on the other hand, is commonly used as a leavening agent in baking and as a household cleaner.

Comparative Table: Sodium Carbonate vs Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate

Sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate, also known as sodium bicarbonate, are both alkaline salt compounds. They share some similarities, such as being water-soluble and having ionic bonding, but they have distinct differences in their chemical and physical properties. Here is a comparison table highlighting the differences between the two compounds:

Sodium carbonate is composed of sodium, carbon, and oxygen atoms, while sodium hydrogen carbonate contains sodium, carbon, oxygen, and a hydrogen atom. The key difference between the two compounds is the presence of hydrogen in sodium hydrogen carbonate, which contributes to its weaker base characteristics.