What is the Difference Between Supercharger and Turbocharger?

Turbochargers and superchargers are both forced induction systems that increase an engine's power by compressing air and forcing it into the engine's intake. However, they differ in their energy source and how they compress the air. Here are the main differences between the two:

• Energy Source: Turbochargers use the vehicle's exhaust gas to spin a turbine, which in turn spins a compressor fan that compresses the air. Superchargers, on the other hand, are powered directly by the engine, typically through a belt pulley that drives gears to spin a compressor fan.
• Compression Method: Turbochargers rely on exhaust gas pressure to spin the turbine fan and compress the air. Once the turbine is spinning, it extracts the energy from the exhaust stream to compress the air entering the engine's intake. Superchargers, on the other hand, use mechanical power from the engine's crankshaft to spin the compressor fan and compress the air. This is typically achieved through a belt pulley drive system.
• Boost Delivery: Superchargers can provide a more immediate boost in power compared to turbochargers. Turbochargers, due to the need to build up exhaust pressure before the turbine can spin and create boost, typically have a response lag known as "turbo lag".

In summary, turbochargers use the vehicle's exhaust gas to spin a turbine and compress the air, while superchargers are mechanically driven by the engine to compress the air. Turbochargers suffer from some response lag, while superchargers provide immediate boost and are primarily used for increasing horsepower.

Comparative Table: Supercharger vs Turbocharger

Here is a table comparing the differences between superchargers and turbochargers:

Both superchargers and turbochargers are forced induction systems that compress air to increase the power and efficiency of an engine. However, they differ in their energy sources and the way they compress air.

• Superchargers are mechanically driven by the engine's crankshaft, usually via a belt, shaft, or chain. They provide instant power delivery and are more efficient at lower engine RPMs. However, they reduce engine reliability and require a simpler installation process.

• Turbochargers use exhaust gas to spin a turbine, which in turn powers a compressor fan. They are more fuel-efficient and provide higher torque at mid-to-high RPMs. However, they are less effective at higher altitudes, have a more complex installation process, and can cause a delay in throttle response (turbo lag).