What is the Difference Between Survey and Experiment?

The main difference between a survey and an experiment lies in their purpose, methodology, and the type of data they generate. Here is a comparison between the two:

Survey:

Purpose: Gather information about attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and characteristics of a population or sample.
Methodology: Collects data by asking questions to a sample of participants, using structured formats like questionnaires, interviews, or case studies.
Data: Primarily relies on self-reported information and can gather secondary data.
Fundamental feature: Observational study.
Research type: Descriptive research.
Samples: Large sample sizes.
Control: Limited control.

Experiment:

Purpose: Establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables by manipulating variables and measuring their responses.
Methodology: Involves isolating a factor under study and following a scientific procedure, often conducted in laboratory settings.
Data: Deals with primary data.
Fundamental feature: Experimental research.
Research type: Experimental research.
Samples: Relatively small sample sizes.
Control: High level of control.

In summary, surveys are used to gather data on opinions, attitudes, and behaviors through predetermined questions, primarily relying on self-reported information. They have limited control and are used in descriptive research. On the other hand, experiments focus on establishing cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating variables and measuring their responses. They provide a higher level of control and are used in experimental research. The choice between a survey and an experiment depends on the research question, the available resources, and the desired level of control.