What is the Difference Between Xanthophyll and Carotene?

Xanthophyll and carotene are both classes of carotenoid pigments found in plants, but they have some differences in their structure and function:

1. Oxygen content: The major difference between xanthophyll and carotene is that xanthophylls contain oxygen atoms in the form of a hydroxyl group or epoxides, while carotenes are hydrocarbons and lack oxygen atoms.
2. Color: Xanthophylls mainly give a yellow color, whereas carotenes mainly give an orange color.
3. Hydrophilicity: Due to the presence of hydroxyl groups, xanthophylls are slightly more hydrophilic than carotenes, which are composed only of carbon and hydrogen.
4. Bioavailability: The presence and levels of xanthophylls and carotenes in the body are a result of dietary intake, and they are either obtained from the diet or produced by enzymatic activity of β, β-carotene-9′,10′-dioxygenase.

Both xanthophyll and carotene play important roles in human health, as they act as antioxidants and protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. They are found throughout the body, with some types, such as lutein and zeaxanthin, selectively accumulating in the eye and brain. Dietary intake of these pigments is associated with decreased risks of cardiovascular disease, age-related macular degeneration, cognitive decline, and certain cancers.

Comparative Table: Xanthophyll vs Carotene

Xanthophyll and carotene are both classes of carotenoids, which are plant pigments that give bright red, yellow, and orange colors to many fruits and vegetables. They play important roles in plant health and also provide health benefits to people who consume food containing carotenoids. Here is a table summarizing the differences between xanthophyll and carotene:

Both xanthophyll and carotene are color pigments that are widely found in plants and have industrial uses as well.